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Chapter Summary
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Chapter 1 Summary
- Genotype and phenotype influence our
ability in sport and exercise and our health.
- The human genome has now been mapped,
and is being used in scientific research to understand human
physiology.
- A human gene map for physical performance
and health-related fitness is developing.
- The basic unit of structure and function
for the body is the cell, and the cell has highly specialized
organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria.
- The four most common chemical elements
in living systems are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen,
and atoms have a nucleus containing protons and neutrons,
with electrons circulating.
- Molecules such as sugars, fatty acids
and amino acids are the building blocks of the macromolecules
– nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids
– that have numerous roles in the body.
- Enzymes catalyse specific chemical reactions
such as the action of lactate dehydrogenase on pyruvate,
and control the rate of metabolism.
- ATP is the universal energy currency
of the cell and its continuous high rate of production is
imperative for skeletal muscle energetics.
- There are a number of scientific
approaches that contribute to our knowledge of the body,
however, our interest is primarily in the whole, intact
functioning human body
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